USDA-FSA-APFO Aerial Photography Field Office
20121029
2012 Coastal Virginia NAIP Digital Ortho Photo Imagery
remote-sensing image
Salt Lake City, Utah
USDA-FSA-APFO Aerial Photography Field Office
https://coast.noaa.gov/dataviewer/#/imagery/search/where:ID=6308
https://coast.noaa.gov/htdata/raster1/imagery/VA_NAIP_2012_6308
https://coast.noaa.gov/dataviewer
This data set contains imagery from the National Agriculture
Imagery Program (NAIP). NAIP acquires digital ortho imagery
during the agricultural growing seasons in the continental U.S..
A primary goal of the NAIP program is to enable availability of
of ortho imagery within one year of acquisition. NAIP provides
four main products: 1 meter ground sample distance (GSD) ortho
imagery rectified to a horizontal accuracy of within +/- 5
meters of reference digital ortho quarter quads (DOQQ's) from
the National Digital Ortho Program (NDOP); 2 meter GSD
ortho imagery rectified to within +/- 10 meters of reference
DOQQs; 1 meter GSD ortho imagery rectified to within +/- 6
meters to true ground; and, 2 meter GSD ortho imagery rectified
to within +/- 10 meters to true ground. The tiling format of
NAIP imagery is based on a 3.75' x 3.75' quarter quadrangle
with a 300 meter buffer on all four sides. NAIP quarter quads
are formatted to the UTM coordinate system using NAD83. NAIP
imagery may contain as much as 10% cloud cover per tile.
NAIP imagery is available for distribution within 60 days
of the end of a flying season and is intended to provide current
information of agricultural conditions in support of USDA farm
programs. For USDA Farm Service Agency, the 1 meter GSD product
provides an ortho image base for Common Land Unit boundaries and
other data sets. The 1 meter NAIP imagery is generally acquired
in projects covering full states in cooperation with state
government and other federal agencies who use the imagery for a
variety of purposes including land use planning and natural
resource assessment. With an annual cycle, NAIP is also used
for disaster response often providing the most current pre-event
imagery. While suitable for a variety of uses the 2 meter
GSD NAIP imagery is primarily intended to assess crop condition
and compliance to USDA farm program conditions. The 2
meter imagery is generally acquired only for agricultural areas
within state projects.
20120603
Ground Condition
Irregular
-78.971
-75.052
39.372
36.441
ISO 19115 Topic Category
imageryBaseMapsEarthCover
None
farming
Digital Ortho rectified Image
Ortho Rectification
Quarter Quadrangle Centered
NAIP
Aerial Compliance
Compliance
Geographic Names Information System
VA
Virginia Beach
51810
VA810
VIRGINIA BEACH CO VA FSA
3607501
NORTH VIRGINIA BEACH, SW
NORTH VIRGINIA BEACH
There are no limitations for access.
Imagery may be replaced to address defects found in a
small number of products through quality assurance
processes. Imagery containing defects that require
the acquisition of new imagery, such as excessive
cloud cover, specular reflectance, etc., will not be
replaced within a NAIP project year.
Aerial Photography Field Office (APFO)
mailing and physical address
2222 West 2300 South
Salt Lake City
Utah
84119-2020
USA
801-844-2922
801-956-3653
apfo.sales@slc.usda.gov
None
None
None
Unknown
NAIP 3.75 minute tile file names are based
on the USGS quadrangle naming convention.
None
FSA Digital Orthophoto Specs.
USDA-FSA-APFO Aerial Photography Field Office
20121029
NORTH VIRGINIA BEACH, SW
remote-sensing image
UnKnown
20120603
Aerial Photography Date for aerial photo source.
Georectified Image
Digital Georectified Image.
Flight planning was performed in IGIPlan from IGI over a
buffered boundary covering DOQQ extents provided by the USDA.
A 500m reduced resolution NED DEM file was used to determine
ground heights. A targeted flight altitude of approximately
30,000 feet above ground level was used. A minimum forward
overlap of 60+ACU- and minimum side overlap of 30+ACU- were used.
No ground elevation in the project area resulted in source
pixel dimensions greater than 1.05m or less than 0.5m. Cessna
Conquest aircraft were used for acquisition. Multiple
Intergraph Digital Mapping Camera (DMC) systems where utilized
in the data capture. The DMC is a digital frame camera that
produces a central perspective image with a nominal
focal length of 120mm projecting an image on a virtual CCD
measuring 13,824 by 7,680 pixels. The pixels are 12um by 12um.
Images from four panchromatic cameras modules, each with a
120mm lens projecting an image on a 7,168 by 4,096 CCD,
are assembled to create the virtual frame. Images captured
simultaneously from four 3,072 by 2,048 pixel multispectral
(MS) cameras with 30mm lenses produce red, green, blue and
near infrared images. These MS images are matched to the Pan
virtual image using the Post Processing Software from
Intergraph. All DMC systems used for capture have been
calibrated by the manufacturer. The calibration includes
measuring the radiometric and geometric properties of each
camera. These data are used in the Post Processing Software
to eliminate the radiometric and geometric distortion. The raw
captured pixel resolution of the panchromatic virtual frame
ranges from 0.60m to 1.04m across the project area depending
on terrain height. Each pixel is assigned a 12 bit digital
number (DN) by the analog to digital conversion performed after
each exposure. Each pixel is resampled during
orthorectification to an output resolution of 1m at a bit depth
of 8 for each image band. Four bands of data were captured for
each image+ADs- Blue: 400-580 nm, Green: 500-650nm, Red: 590-675nm
and Near infrared: 675-850 nm. The final product may only
include the RGB data. All aerial imagery was collected with
associated GPS data. When possible most imagery will also
include IMU data collection. GPS/IMU data were captured with
either an Applanix POS 510 system or IGI AEROControl. The
GPS data was utilized to control the aerial triangulation
process. All imagery was processed through an aerial
triangulation in which the airborne GPS data was constrained to
expected limits. Analysis was performed to assure that all
image frames fit within a strip and between strips by
evaluating the image and airborne GPS residuals. The final
adjustments assure a high quality relative adjustment and a
high quality absolute adjustment limited to the airborne GPS
data accuracy. This process assures the final absolute accuracy
of all geopositioned imagery. Both signalized and photo
identified ground control were used to QC and control the
IMU/GPS based aerial triangulation bundle block solution.
For each project area the latest NED was downloaded from the
USGS National Map Seamless Server website in late Spring
2012. Thirty Meter NED was used in all cases, and preferred
over the available ten meter spacing to minimize image smearing
and distortions that are exacerbated by a finer, but not more
accurate DEM. A visual inspection of the NED using color cycled
classification by elevation and a shaded relief was performed
to check for gaps, corruption and gross errors. When available
the NED was compared to known higher quality elevation sources
to detect flaws. Between 20-60 construction points per frame
derived from conjugant image measurements performed during
aerial triangulation were projected to the NED. The predicted
horizontal error for each point was added as an attribute in
the SURDEX enterprise database. An operator reviews ortho seams
in areas these predicted errors indicate horizontal error in
excess of the contract specifications. Any imagery errors
introduced by source NED required patching from an alternate
DEM or frame of photography with a different perspective.
Hardware used included the DMC, various brands of survey grade
GPS receivers, various brands and models of computers, RAID5/6
storage, calibrated monitors, various brands of monitor
calibration colorimeters. Software included Intergraph Post
Processing Software (PPS) to handle camera raw images processed
to virtual frame panchromatic images and four band
multispectral images. SURDEX software was used to color correct
and remove bidirectional reflectance, vignetting and other
illumination trends. USDA APFO Image Metrics are measured
and images corrected to conform to the Image Metrics using
SURDEX software. SURDEX software was then used to fuse the
high resolution pan with the lower resolution multispectral
image. This image was upsampled to match the pan resolution
using bilinear interpolation and converted to a high resolution
image via the Brovey Transform. GPS/IMU data was reduced to
projected coordinates in the appropriate UTM zone using the
Applanix or IGI office software. Aerial Triangulation was
performed using Intergraph ImageStation Automatic Triangulation
(ISAT), ImageStation Digital Mensuration (ISDM) and Photo-T
bundle adjustment. SURDEX software was used to determine the
weak points in the AT construction point distribution. SURDEX
software was used to orthorectify the images. SURDEX software
was used to compare overlapping orthoimages and correct for
minor radiometric variation between adjacent images. SURDEX
software was used to calculate the optimal seam path, check seam
topology and create master tiles. SURDEX ortho software
generates occlusion/smear polygons used during seam review to
cut in the best view of steep terrain. SURDEX software was
used to visually inspect master tiles for seam and image
defects. SURDEX software was used to project and cut final
DOQQ image files from masters. SURDEX software was used to
create CCM metadata. Lizardtech GeoExpress version 8.0.0.3065
was used to create the CCM image file. SURDEX software was
used to measure horizontal error in the CCM. SURDEX software was
used to perform final formatting, QC and naming of the DOQQ.
USGS metadata parser software was used to validate the metadata.
Various versions of Microsoft Windows were used in all phases of
production. For Radiometry, SURDEX Grouping Tool was used to
display large groups of images, display individual and group
histograms, and develop color correction parameters to adjust
image DN. Grouping Tool provides real-time updates of the USDA
APFO Image Metrics. The image technician adjusts image
correction parameters to bring the radiometric characteristics
of large groups of raw images within the Image Metrics ranges.
Grouping Tool was used again after DOQQ and CCM production to
provide a quality assurance check. Individual DOQQ and CCM may
not meet the USDA APFO Image Metrics ranges due to land cover.
The goal is to have the state as a whole meet the Image Metrics.
To validate the accuracy of the block adjustment derived from
GPS/IMU, camera parameters and conjugate point measurements,
approximately 30-40 photo identifiable ground control points
were field surveyed within each State. These points were
surveyed using GPS techniques to produce coordinates that are
accurate to 0.25 meters RMSE in XYZ. The GPS surveying
techniques utilized assured that the coordinates are derived
in the required project datum and relative to an approved
National Reference System. Each derived control point was
surveyed in a static fashion with a minimum of three NGS
CORS sites. A constrained least square adjustment was
performed holding the CORS sites as control and deriving the
final coordinates of the photo identifiable points. The photo
identifiable control points were measured on multiple
photographs but not constrained in the final AT solution in
order for them to be used in an independent final QC of
positional accuracy. After the checkpoint run, the residual
errors were reviewed to determine the quality of the solution
with only GPS and IMU based initial exterior orientation.
If the block does not fit the control points within
specifications the pass and tie points were reviewed for
blunders and weak areas. If, after these corrections were made,
the block still does not fit the control well the GPS and IMU
processing were reviewed. Once the block has proper statistics
and fits the control to specifications, the final bundle
adjustment was made. SURDEX software was used to predict
the horizontal error that results from DEM error using AT
construction points projected to the NED ground elevation.
As AT points are frequently on man-made and other vertical
features not included in the DEM, these ortho points can only
be used to indicate regions of error by the clusters of points
that predict excessive horizontal displacement. SURDEX
software was used to measure a minimum of 20 points on the
new 2012 CCM and an alternate product obtained from the USDA
Data Gateway to determine if there were regions of the CCM
requiredfurther review to ensure absolute accuracy
specifications were met. If these areas were found, the
source of the error was corrected and the DOQQ and CCM were
recreated. All products are reviewed by independent personnel
prior to delivery. The delivery is checked for omissions,
commissions, naming, formatting, specification compliance
and data integrity.
20121029
Virginia Beach County, VA
Raster
Pixel
1
1
Universal Transverse Mercator
18
0.9996
-75.0
0.0
500000
0.0
row and column
1
1
meters
North American Datum of 1983
Geodetic Reference System 80 (GRS 80)
6378137
298.257
32-bit pixels, 4 band color(RGBIR) values 0 - 255
None
NOAA Office for Coastal Management
mailing and physical
2234 South Hobson Avenue
Charleston
SC
29405-2413
843-740-1202
coastal.info@noaa.gov
Downloadable Data
Users must assume responsibility to determine the appropriate use of these data. DATA SHOULD NOT BE USED FOR LEGALLY BINDING APPLICATIONS.
Erdas Imagine (.img) and TIFF / BigTIFF / GeoTIFF (.tif)
https://coast.noaa.gov/dataregistry/
None
20170601
USDA-FSA-APFO Aerial Photography Field Office
mailing and physical address
2222 West 2300 South
Salt Lake City
Utah
84119-2020
USA
801-844-2922
Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata
FGDC-STD-001-1998